Which of the following would be a nondeclarative memory?
A) your father's first name
B) how to pitch a curveball
C) the time you broke your leg
D) how it felt to break up with a boyfriend of girlfriend for the first time
Answer: B
Rationale: Nondeclarative memories include actions or behaviors that you can remember and perform without awareness. Learning to pitch a curveball in baseball requires developing a nondeclarative, procedural memory for the required pattern of muscle movements. A pitcher does not necessarily need to consciously know or understand this precise pattern in order to perform the action.
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Nisbett and Wilson examined people's consciousness about their higher mental processes. According to their research,
a. we can usually provide valid introspections about conscious processes. b. it is impossible to have access to our thought processes. c. we are often unable to introspect accurately about our thought processes. d. we can introspect accurately about memory and higher mental processes, but not about perception.
In a study that is described in the textbook, when individuals had more personal contact with those who they believed suffered from a mental disorder, all but which of the following occurred?
a. They were less likely to physically distance themselves from those individuals. b. They were less likely to direct blame toward those individuals. c. They were less likely to develop a mental illness themselves. d. They were less likely to direct anger toward those individuals.