At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth, and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem
The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of _______.
a) modeling
b) shaping
c) negative reinforcement
d) secondary learning
ANS: B, Shaping refers to the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior until the target behavior is achieved.
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Which of the following indicates that the model of bereavement proposed by Kübler-Ross does not tell the whole story regarding how people grieve?
a. There are actually more stages than proposed by Kübler-Ross. b. Many people do not go through the stages in the sequence proposed, and some show no signs of any of the stages. c. Men, but not women, seem to proceed through the stages in different orders and at different speeds. d. The bargaining stage does not occur very often because most people realize the futility of such a response.
Steven has an STD but shows no symptoms. Therefore, he doesn't know he has the disease. In this case, the STD is:
A) parasymptomatic. B) asymptomatic. C) psychosymptomatic. D) hyposymptomatic.