When the value of money is on the vertical axis, the money supply curve slopes upward because an increase in the value of money induces banks to create more money

All of the following are examples of institutions that promote real economic growth EXCEPT

A) complex rules associated with business licensing used to promote careful business growth. B) patent laws that protect innovation. C) an efficient judicial system used to enforce contracts. D) strong law enforcement used to protect business interests.

When a monopoly perfectly price discriminates, there is ________

A) no producer surplus B) an increase in supply C) no consumer surplus D) a large consumer surplus