In the Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association case, the U.S. Supreme Court held that:

a. state action may be found only if there is such a close nexus between the state and the challenged action that seemingly private behavior may be fairly treated as that of the state itself.
b. as an express conclusion of law, public school officials do not necessarily act within the scope of their duties when they represent their institutions.
c. as an express conclusion of law, public school officials act within the scope of their duties when they represent their institutions.
d. the Association had a majority of private school memberships which prevented the action of the Association from being considered state action.

a