President George H.W. Bush ordered troops to liberate Kuwait from Saddam Hussein without the approval of Congress

Under the intermediate scrutiny standard, government enactments that relied on gender would be constitutional under what condition?

a. if the use of gender in the enactment were necessary and proper b. if the use of gender were substantially related to an important governmental interest c. if the use of gender were marginally related to a secondary governmental objective d. if the use of gender were ordered by the president to implement an executive order

The dependent variable in psychological studies is usually a

A) behavioral variable. B) stimulus variable. C) external variable. D) organismic variable.