What have researchers discovered with regard to the size of the discrepancy between the actual and ideal selves in both adolescents and emerging adults? The discrepancy is related to ____

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

a. failure. b. an internal attribution for failure. c. an external attribution for failure. d. a misattribution of failure.

Which of the following examples is most clearly related to gender differences in morbidity?

a. Women metabolize alcohol differently than men. b. Lower incomes may lead to increased health problems for U. S. women. c. In virtually every culture in the world, women live longer than men. d. Women are diagnosed with illnesses more often because they are more likely than men to consult physicians.