In the above table, the average variable cost at 2 units of output is

When traders perceive a permanent money supply adjustment, long-term nominal interest rates ___ affected, the expected exchange rate ____ affected, and the spot exchange rate ___ affected.

a. are not; is; is b. are; is; is not c. are not; is not; is not d. are; is not; is

(Consider This) During the Great Recession of 2007-2009:

A. real interest rates and investment spending both declined. B. real interest rates and investment spending both increased. C. real interest rates increased, choking off investment spending. D. real interest rates decreased, but expected returns from investment remained unchanged.