Eli is 6 months old. He slaps the water repeatedly each time he is in the bathtub, squealing as the water splashes. His tendency to continue splashing water demonstrates his perception and his attempt to make sense of it

Your textbook discusses the early history of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion,

a. Hermann Ebbinghaus opposed cognitive psychology because it did not pay enough attention to emotions. b. Mary Whiton Calkins studied people's introspections about nonsense words. c. William James suggested that our everyday cognitive processes are passive, rather than active. d. Wilhelm Wundt emphasized that introspection could provide useful information, if participants were well trained.

When researchers compare the distribution of IQ scores for males to the one for females, which of the following differences is most consistently found?

A) The mean score for the male distribution is greater than the one for the females. B) The mean score for the female distribution is greater than the one for the males. C) The variability among males is greater than it is among females. D) The variability among females is greater than it is among males.