Who was the first U.S. president to participate personally in multilateral climate change negotiations?

A researcher wants to look at the effects of "stress endurance treatment" on self-esteem in cancer patients. The researcher has 50 cancer patients attend "stress endurance treatment" sessions once a week

At the end of the 8-week treatment, participants are measured on self-esteem. This is an example of a(n) A) ex post facto design. B) ad hoc design. C) single-group, posttest-only design. D) longitudinal design.

According to constructivism, norms are important because they

a. affect the distribution of power in the international system. b. create more democracies leading to a more peaceful world. c. emphasize the importance of non-interference. d. are a crucial factor in shaping the behavior of international actors.