A system of tradable air pollution permits has the advantage of
A. eliminating all environmental liability for participating polluters.
B. ensuring that the goal amount of abatement occurs at the lowest social cost.
C. rewarding efficient abatement effort at the expense of inefficient abatement efforts.
D. reducing the total amount of air pollution.
Answer: B
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Werner & Sons is a manufacturer of three-ring binders operating in a perfectly competitive industry. Table 12-5 shows the firm's cost schedule
Table 12-5 Quantity (cases) Variable Cost Total Cost Marginal Cost Average Variable Cost Average Total Cost 0 $0 $76 1 30 106 2 50 3 134 4 140 5 160 6 114 7 150 8 190 9 316 Use the table to answer the following questions. a. Complete Table 12-5 by filling in the blank cells. b. Werner is selling in a perfectly competitive market at a price of $40. What is the profit maximizing or loss-minimizing output? c. Calculate the firm's profit or loss. d. Should the firm continue to produce in the short run? Explain. e. If the firm's fixed costs were $30 higher what would be the profit-maximizing output level in the short run? Indicate whether the output level will increase, decrease, or remain unchanged compared to your answer in b. f. Suppose fixed cost remains at $76. If the price of three-ring binders falls to $20 what is the profit-maximizing or loss-minimizing output? g. Calculate the profit or loss. Should the firm continue to produce in the short run? Explain your answer. h. Suppose the fixed cost remains at $76. What price corresponds to the shut-down point? i. Suppose the fixed cost remains at $76. What price corresponds to the break-even point?
Which of the following does not arise from price discrimination?
A) an increase in quantity sold B) an increase in profits C) an increase in consumer surplus D) an increase in producer surplus