Chapter 10 described a study in which participants listened to definitions of concrete nouns, and they were asked to produce the correct noun. The participants were more likely to say the correct noun if

The cost of alcohol abuse in America is estimated to be about ________ annually

a. $200 billion b. $1 billion c. $100 million d. $10 billion

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank

A. Outsiders B. Agents of social control C. Rebellion D. Reflexivity E. Indexicality F. Involvement G. White-collar crimes H. Attachment I. Belief J. Commitment K. Taboo L. Ritualist M. Innovators N. Retreatists O. Primary deviance P. Secondary deviance Q. Anomie R. Stigma S. Folkways T. Mores U. Conformists V. Retrospective interpretations W. Deviance X. Strain theory Y. Passing Z. Covering AA. Social control theory BB. Labeling theory CC. Differential association theory ____ People who neither accept the goals of the larger society nor the means to achieve those goals. ____ A component of social control theory referring to emotional bonds with other people in society. ____ People who share the goals of society with conformists but employ illegitimate means to obtain those goals. ____ Component of social control theory referring to people's respect for law and order in society. ____ Component of social control theory referring to an individual's desire to obtain societal goals through legitimate means. ____ People who try to obtain the goals of society through accepted means. ____ Keeping a known stigma from creating tensions in interactions by downplaying it. ____ Any behavior that departs from accepted practices in a society or group. ____ Theory that deviance is learned through interaction with others. ____ Less-serious rules of behavior in a group or society. ____ The process by which individuals index thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from their own perspective. ____ Component of social control theory referring to people's participation in acceptable social activities such as clubs, churches and other organizations. ____ Theory that argues that deviance is a consequence of a social process in which a negative characteristic becomes an element of an individual's identity. ____ Violations of behavior prescribed through mores. ____ Widely held values and beliefs in a society. ____ People labeled as deviants who accept the deviant labels. ____ Attempts to hide an undisclosed stigma by concealing information about it. ____ The process by which individuals think about a behavior within its social context and give meaning to it. ____ Reinterpretations of past behaviors in light of the person's new role as a deviant. ____ The initial deviant act that causes other people to label the individual a deviant. ____ When individuals seek to challenge either the traditional goals or the accepted means of achieving those goals. ____ Someone who approves of the ways people should live their lives but gives up trying to obtain societal goals. ____ Additional deviant acts that support the initial deviant label. ____ Theory that deviance results when individuals' bonds with conventional society are weakened in some way. ____ Crimes typically associated with middle- and upper-class individuals, such as embezzlement, cheating, and laundering money. ____ An attribute that is deeply discrediting. ____ Theory that argues that people choose to commit deviance as a natural outcome of social conditions in which socially acceptable goals cannot be obtained through legitimate means. ____ The state's attempts to maintain social order through police and courts and other representatives of the state. ____ A sense of "normlessness," where there is little consensus about what is right and wrong.