If a firm's inventory decreases, the gross domestic product (GDP) also decreases

How do advertising and other selling costs affect a firm?

A) They shift the marginal cost curve upward. B) The only effect is that the excess capacity is reduced. C) The only effect is that the demand for the product increases. D) They shift the average total cost curve upward. E) The do not change demand and shift the average total cost curve downward.

Choose the letter of the diagram in Figure 3.1 that best describes the type of shift that would occur in each situation for the market listed on the left, ceteris paribus. Figure 3.1 Shifts of Supply and Demand Steel: the government introduces environmental restrictions on the dumping of wastes from producing steel.

A. A. B. B. C. C. D. D.