Jessica hypothesizes that her manipulation of temperature in an auditorium will increase the number of students who doze off in a lecture. She is interested in a hypothesis

Which of the following would the Supreme Court likely refuse to hear because the case lacked "ripeness"?

a. a case involving a citizen suing the Social Security Administration for failure to deliver Social Security benefits prior to the time the citizen was scheduled to receive the benefits b. a case involving a student who was first rejected but then, later, admitted to a state-run university suing that university for discrimination in the admissions process c. a case involving a convicted murderer challenging the constitutionality of the death penalty while on death row d. a case involving a dispute between the president and the Congress over access to "top secret" documents

Initiatives differ from referenda because initiatives are usually

A.) sponsored by the legislature B.) propelled to a vote by citizens and interest groups C.) done with the intent of removing a candidate from office D.) concerned with state bond initiatives