European banks began with which of the following?
a. Monarchs were the first bankers, lending out cash to help the poor learn a craft.
b. Churches were the first bankers, lending out cash to help the poor learn a craft.
c. Goldsmiths were the first bankers, and the paper receipts they issued for gold held on deposit became valued as money.
d. Fishermen were the first bankers, and the paper receipts they issued for the fish they stored in the hulls of their ships became valued as money.
c
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Suppose a firm has market power and faces a downward sloping demand curve for its product, and its marginal cost curve is upward sloping. If the firm reduces its price, then:
A) consumer and producer surplus must increase. B) consumer surplus increases, producer surplus may increase or decrease. C) consumer surplus increases, producer surplus must decline. D) consumer and producer surplus must decline.
Production is efficient when
A) it generates a point beyond the production possibility curve. B) the maximum output possible is being produced given current levels of resources and technology. C) technological change occurs. D) the maximum amounts of the most important good are produced.