Seven-year-old Alice is working with clay in art class, and she rolls a round ball of clay between her hands until it becomes a long rope
However, she decides that she does not want the rope of clay, but would prefer that the clay be in the shape of a ball again. Alice knows that this is possible. Piaget would say that Alice is demonstrating the knowledge of __________.
a) formation
b) decentering
c) reversibility
d) conservation
Answer: c
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________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced
a. Shaping b. Latent learning c. Stimulus generalization d. Stimulus discrimination
Zelda visits a therapist for treatment of her anxiety. Her therapist teaches her to relax on a
couch while working her way through a fear-stimulus hierarchy. Eventually, Zelda is able to remain calm in each of the situations presented in the hierarchy. Her therapist used a technique called ______. a. chain breaking c. cue controlled conditioning b. response prevention d. systematic desensitization