Wariness and occasional fearful responding on the part of infants in the presence of

Patti is passing on a mutated gene on her X chromosome. Why is her son more likely to express the mutation in his phenotype than her daughter is?

a) Males are more likely to inherit the bad copy of a gene whenever there is one. b) Males do not have a second X chromosome that might have a good copy of the gene. c) Estrogen will silence a mutated gene once her daughter experiences puberty. d) Her daughter's Y chromosome will probably have a good copy of that gene to offset the bad one.

What approach builds on Piaget's research and views cognition as made up of different types of individual skills, while using terminology from information-processing approaches?

a) neo-Piagetian b) information processing c) social-cognitive learning theory d) cognitive perspective