The problem of political instability has been greatest in which continent?

Which of the following Fed actions would both increase the money supply?

a. buy bonds and raise the reserve requirement b. buy bonds and lower the reserve requirement c. sell bonds and raise the reserve requirement d. sell bonds and lower the reserve requirement

If the government increases expenditure by $40 billion and increases tax revenues by $40 billion, what is the impact on aggregate demand? Explain your answer

What will be an ideal response?