Which defense mechanism involves reversion to an earlier phase of psychological development?

The BEST description of the current status of deinstitutionalization is that ______

a. despite initial problems, it has become a critically acclaimed success b. although it has enjoyed some success, it has failed largely because of the ease with which patients can be readmitted for short-term stays in hospitals c. it has succeeded mainly because of the efforts of large medical insurers to support the policy d. despite an initial period of optimism, the policy has now run into serious problems because of a lack of adequate follow-up care

Some adolescents routinely pass Piagetian tasks, others do not. Provide one example of a

contextual variable that might encourage individual differences in formal operational thought. What will be an ideal response?