Heather's cervix is fully dilated. She is just beginning the __________ stage of labor

Which of the following students' statements is the best summary of the research on bilingualism?

a. Nils: "Bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals in their syntax, but not in their basic understanding of language." b. Joe: "Bilinguals have advantages over monolinguals in many areas, such as metalinguistics and performance on cognitive tasks; they have slight disadvantages in a few areas." c. Jorge: "Bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals in terms of social skills concerned with language; however, when we look at proficiency in their first language, monolinguals have a better command of syntax." d. Tanya: "So far, no major differences between monolinguals and bilinguals have been detected."

In class, evidence was presented about how 2-year-olds requested that their caregivers retrieve a toy that was placed on a high shelf. The key manipulation was whether the caregiver had been in the room when the toy was initially put on the shelf. Results of this study were used as evidence to support which of the following arguments:

a. young children are not always egocentric in the way they communicate b. young children usually show evidence of being egocentric in their communication c. young children have a greater capacity to engage in selective attention than was suggested by Piaget's theory d. young children have substantial difficulty engaging in selective attention