Which of the following pits each competing alternative against every other alternative an equal number of times in a series of pair-wise votes?

In the early 19th century, James Mill argued for which type of democracy?

a) Direct democracy b) Participatory democracy c) Representative democracy d) Institutional democracy

Japan can be described as

a. a constitutional monarchy in which the monarch exercises only a symbolic role. b. a unitary state in which provinces and municipalities are subordinate to the national government. c. a parliamentary democracy in which the people exercise their sovereignty through elected officials in the national legislature. d. a parliamentary democracy in which the prime minister and cabinet, answerable to the legislature, serve as the country's executive. e. all of the above.