Receptive language tends to outpace expressive language

Suppose that you read in a cognitive psychology journal that an experiment's results could be explained by demand characteristics. An example of these demand characteristics might be that

a. the researcher did not give clear instructions to the participants. b. the dependent variable was not sufficiently sensitive. c. the manipulation of the independent variable was too subtle, due to limited range. d. the participants may have guessed the experimenter's hypothesis.

The ability to arrange things into a logical order is called ____

parallelism seriation conservation decentering