Ten-year-old Sarah and her five-year-old sister, Haley, were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. Sarah patiently instructed Haley in how to carefully glue the lace around the card's edges. Sarah was providing scaffolding for Haley

All contemporary child development theories view children as

A) naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong. B) passive and emotionally fragile. C) adults in training. D) active, purposeful beings.

Which of the following statements is true about individual and group differences in pubertal growth?

A) Heredity contributes substantially to the timing of pubertal changes. B) In developing countries, boys and girls reach pubertal milestones at about the same age. C) Girls who begin rigorous athletic training at an early age usually experience early puberty. D) In developing countries, girls from affluent families consistently reach menarche 6 to 18 months later than those from economically disadvantaged homes.