As a listener, the message you send that is a reaction to another message is

Mass art

a. is commercially distributed artistic work, which has a standardized form and often no identifiable individual creator. b. generally does not draw on local, grassroots traditions shared by the audience and the artist/producer. c. is produced by a lone artist who desires to give form to her/his creative expression. d. is typically, because of its originality and uniqueness, an indicator that those who possess it are of high social and/or economic status. e. All of the above.

Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. When a law is challenged as applied, courts judge the law’s constitutionality based entirely on the language of the law. 2. The U.S. Supreme Court struck down the anti-hate ordinance at issue in R.A.V. v. St. Paul in part because the law was underinclusive. 3. Students in all public educational institutions, whether primary schools or universities, enjoy the same protection from regulation of their speech. 4. When the court weighs different categories of speech against competing interests, it is using ad hoc balancing to determine First Amendment protections.