Right before a game, a baseball player goes through a series of ritualistic behaviors that he says give him good luck, but are, in fact, not associated with how he plays or whether his team will win. This illustrates:

If you look at a flower and then quickly close your eyes, you will see a fleeting visual image for about one-half second that is referred to as

a. a flashbulb memory. b. echoic memory. c. iconic memory. d. illusory imagery.

Learning that occurs but is not reflected in an immediate behavior change is called __________ learning.

A. vicarious B. innate C. latent D. insight