If the writer of an option, holds shares of the stock or an actual quantity of the commodity when she writes the call option on it, her position is said to be:

Suppose that the consumer price index in Eastlandia rises from 150 to 159 over the past year, and that the city sets its car registration prices so that real prices stay the same. If the cost to register a car was $50 last year, how much would it cost this year, in nominal terms?

a) $50 b) $53 c) $56 d) $59

Private decisions about consumption of common resources and production of public goods usually lead to an

a. efficient allocation of resources and external effects. b. efficient allocation of resources and no external effects. c. inefficient allocation of resources and external effects. d. inefficient allocation of resources and no external effects.