Volume-controlled (VC) modes of mechanical ventilation include which of the following?

1. VC continuous mandatory ventilation
2. VC intermittent mandatory ventilation
3. Volume-assured, pressure-controlled
4. Bilevel positive airway pressure
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 1, 2, 3, and 4
c. 1 and 2 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only

ANS: C
VC modes include VC continuous mandatory ventilation and VC synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation.