In the value chain, which of the following activities is deemed to add direct value to a firm?

The Likert scale is also referred to as a summated scale

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Managers who practice total quality management

A) invest more resources at the front end of the value chain in research and development and design to produce a superior product. B) invest more resources in inspecting and repairing products once they are produced. C) practice both A and B. D) practice neither A nor B.