Although almost all electronic communication via text is based on words, its users have developed several methods for communicating nonverbally, as well. Identify some of these methods and explain how they add a nonverbal element to electronic communication.

What will be an ideal response?

Answers will vary, but students will most likely touch on emojis and emoticons, which can communicate tone in texts. They may also touch on common nonverbal elements that are encoded in the text itself, such as using all caps for emphasis or an ellipsis (“…”) for lack of certainty. The use of gifs has also increased lately, as it has become incorporated into some common text messaging applications.