The tendency for a system to keep itself in an optimal state is termed:

Which of these is one of the principles for the effective use of punishment?

a) The most effective schedule would be VR50. b) Punishment should be given on a variable ratio schedule. c) The most effective schedule would be a variable interval. d) Punishment should be given after each and every undesired target response.

Although he has not committed a crime, Julian's family is worried about his behavior. He is prone to violent outbursts, intentionally drove his car into a lamppost, and is threatening to hurt his children. What procedure provides the most safety to society and to Julian?

A. Local police officers going to Julian's home to formally arrest him B. Continued monitoring of Julian's behavior by his family C. Encouraging Julian to agree to a civil commitment D. Requiring Julian to attend a weekly anger management program