Measured between two points on a curve, the ratio of the change in the variable on the vertical axis to the change in the variable on the horizontal axis is the:

Currency devaluation _______import consumers because______

a. Helps; imports are more expensive b. Hurts; imports are more expensive c. Helps; imports are less expensive d. Hurts; imports are less expensive

In the short-run Keynesian model, if the mpc equals 0.8, then to decrease aggregate spending by $30 billion at any output level, government spending must be decreased by ________ or net taxes must be increased by ________.

A. more than $30 billion; more than $30 billion B. $30 billion; $30 billion C. $30 billion; more than $30 billion D. less than $30 billion; less than $30 billion