How did most European parties begin in the nineteenth century?
a. as cadre parties
b. as mass parties
c. as centralized parties
d. as green parties
e. as social democratic parties
a. as cadre parties
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Which statement about the effects of campaign advertising on voter preferences is most accurate?
A)Political advertising has an enormous effect on a voter's perceptions of a candidate. B)Voters are quick to forget new information conveyed by political advertising. C)Any new information that counters a voter's existing perception of a candidate is automatically ignored. D)Voters have relied less and less on advertising as a source of political information.
Which of the following illustrates the consequences of a late start in transition planning?
A) Bill Clinton's early Senate confirmation difficulties B) Richard Nixon's involvement with the Watergate scandal C) Jimmy Carter's merging of campaign and transition responsibilities D) George W. Bush's naming of Cheney as both his vice president and transition director