Using positron emission tomography to study episodic memory, Endel Tulving and his colleagues have shown that

a. episodic memory is identical to declarative memory.
b. the hippocampus is responsible for the repression of episodic memories.
c. encoding and retrieval processes may be located in different areas of the brain.
d. male and female brains are anatomically distinct.

Answer: c. encoding and retrieval processes may be located in different areas of the brain.