Define data and data management
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Data are values of variables. Variables, as the name implies, are containers the value of which changes. In an object-oriented context, variables are either attributes of objects or parameters in messages that they exchange with each other or with the outside world.
Data are abstract values, but they can be classified in relation to each other and to their contexts. Data can be either quantitative or qualitative, discrete or continuous, categorical or non-categorical, ordinal or nominal, structured or unstructured, independent or dependent (or derived). An automated information system can process only quantitative and discrete data. This means that qualitative or continuous data must be associated with values that are quantitative and discrete before they can be processed by such a system.
Data management is a crucial subsystem of most information systems. Its main task is storing and organizing data in a manner that satisfies the needs of the information system as a whole and the applications individually.
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