Prior to the recent surge in immigration, Figure 4.2 shows that the largest wave of new immigrants came to the United States in the years between __________

When social and economic differences buttress one another, making political conflict more intense and polarizing, social scientists call them __________

a. cross-cutting cleavages b. polarizing cleavages c. predisposing cleavages d. reinforcing cleavages

What is the term used to describe politicians’ awarding jobs, offices, government contracts, and other benefits to their supporters?

a. graft b. kickback c. patronage d. soft money