Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost or planned value from ____.

The approach to cost reduction that studies whether components can be redesigned or standardized or made by cheaper methods of production without adversely impacting product performance is termed as ________

A) maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) B) product value analysis (PVA) C) vendor managed inventories (VMI) D) supplier performance management (SPM) E) supplier added value effort (SAVE)

Which of the following is not a type of integer nonlinear programming model?

a. An all-integer nonlinear programming model b. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model c. A nonlinear integer goal programming model d. All of the above are types of integer programming models.