Although there is nothing wrong with declaring all variables at the beginning of a procedure, many programmers would prefer to create a variable only if it is necessary to do so.

An algorithm can be expressed by the use of an informal language called

a) BASIC b) Visual Basic c) pseudo code d) flow charting

During the update of a file

a. A new master file is created. b. The old master file is destroyed. c. The transaction file is destroyed. d. The backup file is created from the new master file. e. All of the above. f. a and d.