Policies that grant racial or gender preferences in hiring, education, or contracting are called __________ programs

Privatization, public-private partnerships, and nongovernmental service delivery are increasingly important trends that affect public administration

a. True b. False

Which of the following statements best characterizes the U.S. decision to sign but not ratify the Kyoto Protocol?

a. The Clinton administration spearheaded the establishment of the protocol because it was the leading source of greenhouse gasses, but Congress, facing reelection concerns, refused to ratify it because it lacked any kind of enforcement mechanism in the case that states did not comply. b. The Clinton administration spearheaded the establishment of the protocol to prevent rising economic powers from rivaling U.S. development, but Congress refused to ratify it because of concerns that the IMF and World Bank would strengthen the support for other states. c. The Clinton administration spearheaded the establishment of the protocol because it was the leading source of greenhouse gasses, but Congress, facing reelection concerns, refused to ratify it because of concerns that the strict emissions would harm the U.S. economy. d. The Clinton administration spearheaded the establishment of the protocol because it was the leading source of greenhouse gasses, but Congress refused to ratify the treaty because of the ongoing discussions of impeachment for President Clinton.