A matrix organization which requires employees to report to both a functional and a project manager violates Fayol's unity of direction

Betty authorizes William to act as her agent. William is required to purchase a vehicle on Betty's behalf. Which of the following statements is true of this scenario?

A) If a seller knows that William is acting as an agent, but does not know Betty's identity, William is ultimately liable to the seller. B) If a seller knows that William is acting as an agent, but does not know Betty's identity, Betty is said to be an undisclosed principal. C) If a seller does not know that William is acting as an agent, William is liable to the seller. D) If a seller knows Betty's identity and is aware that William is an agent, Betty is said to be a partially disclosed principal.

Shifting customer design decisions as far down the supply chain as possible is typically called

which of the following? A) reverse supply chain B) planning time fence C) postponement D) planning horizon