In 2008, real GDP in the United States was $13,312 billion. In 2009, real GDP in the United States was $13,112 billion. What was the U.S. economic growth rate from 2008 to 2009?

If economies of scale are relatively important in an industry, the typical firm's

A) long-run average cost curve will reach a minimum at a level of output that leaves room for a large number of firms to enter the industry. B) long-run average cost curve will begin rising before it reaches minimum efficient scale. C) long-run average cost curve will reach a minimum at a level of output that is a relatively large fraction of total industry sales. D) marginal cost curve will decline continuously until it reaches minimum efficient scale.

Suppose there are five goods in the economy, A-E. The current-year quantity of each is 10A, 20B, 30C, 40D, and 50E. Current-year prices are $1 for each unit of A, $2 for each unit of B, $3 for each unit of C, $4 for each unit of D, and $5 for each unit of E. Base-year prices are $1 for each good. Real GDP in the current year equals

A) $100. B) $130. C) $150. D) $180. E) $550.