How did issue advocacy allow interest groups to circumvent disclosure and contribution limits starting in the mid-1990s?

a. Any group that defined itself as advocating a single issue was exempt from reporting contributions to the government.
b. By focusing on issues rather than candidates, interest groups could appeal to a broader segment of the population.
c. Individuals were allowed to select one issue-based interest group and make an unlimited contribution to that group.
d. Interest groups were able to make election ads without words like "vote for" or "vote against."

Answer: d