A drill sergeant shouts, "Fire!," the artillery shoots, and the loud sound makes you flinch. After a few repetitions, the word Fire! makes you flinch. What is the conditioned stimulus?

Harrison knows that he will typically perform better on an exam if he reads the textbook chapters in the early afternoon and if he reviews the material by trying to explain it in his own words. Harrison is demonstrating

a. levels of processing. b. mnemonics. c. metacognition. d. the keyword method.

You see an advertisement for a method of learning a foreign language that seems simple—just rev up the iPod and fall asleep. The accompanying product description cites proof that people can learn while asleep

Being a good psychological detective, what question would you ask about the offered proof? a) Did the individuals actually dream about the foreign language? b) What did the EEG indicate about the participants' level of sleep? c) Did the researchers use only long sleepers who would spend more time with the tapes? d) Were study breaks included in the tape to provide greater comprehension of the material?