A child sees a cookie jar on a shelf. After several unsuccessful attempts to reach it, the child looks around the room. She suddenly realizes that she can pull a chair over by the shelf, then stand on the chair to reach the cookie jar

Learning theorists argue that anxiety disorders are conditioned through the process of

A) negative punishment. B) negative reinforcement. C) positive punishment. D) positive reinforcement.

Research on the consequences of corporal punishment reveals that in African-American families,

A) the more mothers discipline physically in childhood, the less their teenagers display angry, acting out behavior. B) when parents resort to physical punishment, they are often highly agitated and rejecting of the child. C) the more mothers discipline physically in childhood, the more their teenagers display angry, acting out behavior. D) physical punishment is generally considered wrong, as it contributes to poor self-esteem.