Piaget called children's self-directed utterances __________ speech, reflecting his belief that young children have difficulty taking the perspectives of others

A reinforcer is a consequence that __________ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that __________ a behavior

a) motivates; stimulates b) weakens; strengthens c) inhibits; motivates d) strengthens; weakens

Each of the following makes punishment more effective EXCEPT it is ______

a. swift b. sufficient c. consistent d. arbitrary