In court rulings, reliance on past decisions to formulate decisions in new cases is known as which of the following?

Departments and agencies within the federal bureaucracy serve which of the following functions?

a. issuing executive orders b. issuing executive agreements c. implementing public policies d. drafting legislation

Which statement best describes cooperative federalism?

a. There are shared, interactive responsibilities between the national government and the state government. b. The states bordering foreign countries can establish trade treaties separately from the national government. c. There are two layers of government, the state and the national governments, that serve separate but equally powerful levels of government. d. There are separate private and public spheres in American society. e. Local governments have the authority to set aside directives from the national government and enforce local laws instead.