Which of the following scenarios is an example of a bottom-up effect in intercultural relationships?

a. A White German woman Juli has been dating a Turkish man. Even though Juli's
parents used to have prejudicial attitudes toward Turkish immigrants, her parents'
perception toward Turkish people has changed positively after getting to know Juli's
boyfriend.
b. Ken has been brought up in an almost all-white neighborhood. Due to the media
images of African American male as criminals and dangerous, Ken is not willing to
have any African American friends, even though he does not address it explicitly.
c. Anti-miscegenation laws, slavery, and segregated school systems still influence
people's attitudes toward forming intercultural relationships.
d. None of the above

d___