Which of the following threats to internal validity is present in a one-group pretest-posttest design?

a. maturation
b. history
c. testing effect
d. none of the above
e. all of the above

E

Political Science

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From the perspective of a major world leader, what would increase the probability of frequently relying on détente diplomacy?

a. the spread of democracy b. the spread of democracy and increased world trade c. the threat of nuclear weapons and increased world trade d. the spread of democracy and intelligence technology e. the threat of nuclear weapons and the existence of the United Nations

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