Which of the following is a necessary condition for government subsidies to influence a firm to choose an output level as if it were a Stackelberg leader?
A) The subsidy must be announced before the firms choose output levels.
B) The subsidy must be equal to the firm's marginal cost.
C) The subsidy must be equal to the firm's rival's marginal cost.
D) The firm does not have any fixed costs.
A
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In Country Z, the government simultaneously decreases its expenditures by $20 billion and decreases taxes by $20 billion. If the MPS is equal to 0.2, the government's action ________ real GDP by ________
A) decreases; $100 billion B) decreases; $20 billion C) decreases; $80 billion D) has no effect on; $0
During the colonial period, the U.S. and other countries relied on "privateers.". Which of the following most accurately describes privateers?
a. Privateers were also known as pirates. b. Privateers were citizens who owned ships that attacked vessels from rival nations. c. Privateers were groups of convicts who stole from American sailing vessels. d. Privateers were a formal group part of the American Navy.