Briefly explain the red-nose test and what researchers were measuring when they gave this test to toddlers. What were the findings?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Researchers secretly put a red dot on the noses of toddlers of various ages and then placed them in front of a mirror to see if they would touch the dot, noticing that this was not usually there. It was a measure of self-recognition. Younger toddlers (under 18 months) seemed interested in the reflection, because they reached out as though it was someone else, but they did not rub their nose. By 18 months, most toddlers rubbed their noses, showing that they realized that their appearance had changed. This is also the time when toddlers use personal pronouns in their speech.
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Which of the following statements about fetal monitoring is true?
A) Fetal monitors are being phased out in U.S. hospitals because they are not necessary in most cases. B) Fetal monitoring is not helpful in detecting hidden problems with the baby. C) Critics worry that fetal monitors identify many babies as in danger who, in fact, are not. D) Fetal monitoring increases the likelihood of infant brain damage and death.
Extremely stimulating activities such as sky-diving, bungee jumping, and hang gliding are ________
a. well explained by both arousal theory and drive-reduction theory b. well explained by arousal theory but not drive-reduction theory c. well explained by drive-reduction theory but not arousal theory d. not well explained by either drive-reduction theory or arousal theory