The South African president's ability to dominate the policy-making process stems from all of the following EXCEPT

a. his ability to appoint senior government officials.
b. his chairing of the cabinet.
c. his role as party leader.
d. his de facto power over parliamentary office holding.
e. his role as commander-in-chief of the South African military.

e

Political Science

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Congress exerts control over the bureaucracy through

a. appropriations. b. executive orders. c. direct appointments. d. direct removal. e. judicial review.

Political Science

In contrast to the liberal emphasis on cooperation, realism highlights the situation in which one side can gain only at the expense of another. This relationship is called

a. rational action. b. comparative advantage. c. zero-sum game. d. positive-sum game.

Political Science