Discuss the major functions of four major neurotransmitters in the brain and their implicated role in psychopathology
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Benzodiazepine-GABA reduces arousal and moderates emotional responses, such as anger and hostility; it is implicated in anxiety disorder. Dopamine may act as a switch that turns on various brain circuits, allowing other neurotransmitters to inhibit or facilitate emotions or behavior and is implicated in schizophrenia, mood disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Norepinephrine facilitates or controls emergency reactions and alarm responses, it plays a role in emotional and behavioral regulation, but is not directly implicated with any specific disorder. Serotonin plays a role in information and motor coordination, and is implicated in regulatory problems, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and mood disorders.
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Although sex-related differences in muscle mass can explain boys' skill advantages like __________, the primary differences in athletic performance in boys and girls is probably due to __________
A) throwing; social pressure B) kicking; boys' growth spurts C) balance; girls' body fat ratio D) catching; neurological differences
Most nerve cell fibers outside the brain and spinal cord are wrapped by a thin layer of cells that aid in the repair of neurons. This thin layer of cells is called
a. myelin. b. neurilemma. c. acetylcholine. d. endorphins.